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After independence of most African countries they became characterized by the following
Multilateralization, power imbalance, Economic imbalance, Anaemic bourgeoisie class, disarticulated economies, peripheral capitalism, and they now lacked backward forward linkages.
Muitlaterization : This is an undue economic scrabbled that is often carried out by imperialist in form of multinationals, this reflects the fact that the economies of post colonial African countries are usually heavily dependent on the imperialist since they dictate the pace of growth and development through the anemia bourgeoisie class left behind at independence, the monopoly often enjoyed by most of these multinationals firms also encourage multilateralisation in post colonial African Nations.
It is observed that in each African Nations multilateralization companies that are involved in every sector of the economy and these components take undue advantage of dictating how these economies are run, they decide what they bring, produce ,and how much these things will be sold for.
Power imbalance :Thi is characteristic of the post colonial Africa Nations and in terms of power imbalance we can see it as existing both internationally and Nationally.
Internationally there power imbalance between the and center periphery the developed and less developed metropolis and satellite nations. This imbalance result in the centre super imposing herself, her kind of knowledge whether suitable or on periphery, hence we have situations where capital intensive technologies rather than labour intensive technologies are made use of in production in countries that have enough population or enough man power.
On the hand power imbalance at the National level exists between the ruling class and the ruled ,the rich (the haves) and the poor [have not].The bourgeoisie and proletariat.
In Nigeria for example we have imbalance in region for example we have the imbalance in power between regions ,the inequitable distribution of power has led to half sidedness in the development process also experience is regular change of mantle of power for example most African countries had experienced coup and counter coup, wars that raises from political power thesis and ethnic rivalries example Liberia, Serria Leone, Uganda etc.
The consequences of the above political problems,undedevlopment process of any nation cannot be over emphasized for example development programmes experienced frequent change as many times as the government changes, in other words there is always no continuity in programmes. This usually is because every new leader wants a unique and peculiar programme that his regime would be identified with[owning a particular project]
Economic imbalance:This also can be divided into two -)international and national
International there is economic imbalance between the advanced or developed countries and the less developed ones, this is reflected in the kind and level of production the periphery is engaged in as against that of the center. The periphery helps the center to develop more by supplying raw materials to the industries and acting as a market for her furnished goods.Also the centre sends her antiquated machines technology to the peripheral nations, there by making the less developed nations to get involved in capital flight.
Notionally on the other hand there is economic imbalance between the urban and the rural areas. Firstly the rural areas serves as suppliers of food and raw materials to the urban areas,
Secondly most able bodied men in the rural areas move to urban centers in search of greener pastures, in other words they prefer to leave rural poverty to urban misery, the above is as a result of colonial Africa Nations engaging in development programmes that are "urban based.
Bourgeoisie class [anamic]:The African nations infact usually have bourgeoisie class that is the product o their colonial masters
The question is 'what is the nature of our bourgeiose class? Nigeria for example inherited a bourgeoisie class that could and cannot lead them into an industrial revolution but could only lead as into an ethical revolution, hence the class is referred to as an " Anemic Lumpin bourgeoisie class"it is said said to be toothless because the technology base we need to develop can only be found with it, hence need to look outside for technology which saps all over our capital.
The Nigerian bourgeoisie class is also called an "acquisitive class"they are so called because they have the power to make decisions that affect the destiny of the nation by not enterprising in the sense of being productive enterprises
Unlike the Indian bourgeoisie class that has ascetic acquisitivenness the Nigerian bourgeoisie class has an ostentatious acquisitiveness because of the above nature they have been unable to move the nation forward from where the colonial master left it
The western education system they went through made them consumptive rather than productive.
Perpherial capitalism :Miliband and pilantza tried to focus on the nature of colonial state capitalism, in the centre is said to be different from that at the periphery , the post colonial state belong to the of category what called 'The perpherial capitalist state" in the model of center periphery
Claudia Ake agrees the the peripheral state have capitalism that is different from the metropolis, Hamzer Alaui talk about the generalized commodity production which Alavi calls
Disarticulated Economies:Here in this types of economies raw materials that are taken to another economy to complete production in other words they are the key producer of raw materials for the developed nations.in metropolis capitalist states degenelises commondiryvproduction link other sectors that is, there is a forward and backward linkages "that is integrated while in peripheral capital the forward and backward linkages is lacking .on metropolis there is linkages between industries and agriculture, the expanded reproduction of capital exist in the metropolis giving rise to some surplus which is in the periphery alot of capital is lost because of disarticulation this is as a result of import substitution industrialisation known as Ec programme'introduced as the first developmental programme in most less developmental programme in most less developed independent nations after the Eve of colonial departure from countries
Import substitution industrialisation started in Latin America in the 1930s while it got to Africa in 50s and 60s .the above rather than to bring about capital accumulateation which is usually the initial aim linked to capital flight hence the absence or lack of expanded reproduction of capital in perpherial capitalism state , more capital is required to import the required tech6and semi finished goods which act as raw material for the industries put in place.
It is important for us to begin to think of what to do as Africa to save this nation because this nation is still in bondage even up till now we have not left the bondage in spite having been on independence for many years .According to professor Agnes Njoku '"we cannot keep on with the blame blame theory"
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